Autonomy And Independence In Social Care Social Policy Essay Essays

Self-governance And Independence In Social Care Social Policy Essay Essays Self-governance And Independence In Social Care Social Policy Essay Self-governance And Independence In Social Care Social Policy Essay This investigation will fundamentally explore how far cultural consideration resolution law and approaches have added to the freedom and independency of individuals with larning disablement occupations. The investigation is isolated in four boss requests that will take to a propelled misgiving of the subject. It starts by determining the word larning disablement in cultural consideration, trailed by a record of what the consideration needs of individuals with disablement employments are. A treatment on why it is important to propel the freedom and independency of impaired individuals will be trailed by a portrayal of related rule laws, for example, disablement preference act. In investigating the rule law, it will be demonstrated how far it has added to the freedom and independency of individuals with disablement. Clarify WHAT THE CARE NEEDS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY PROBLEMS MAY BE. A meaning of larning disablement is remembered for the â€Å"Valuing People† and regions that larning disablement incorporates the nearness of: â€Å"A essentially diminished capacity to see new or complex data, to larn new achievements ( weakened knowledge ) , with a diminished capacity to get by autonomously ( debilitated cultural activity ) ; which began before development, with a changeless result on development† ( DoH 2001 ) . The effect of disablement movement on concerns and administration stipulation are major, as obliging to the incapacitated requests by physical modifications, for example, slants, brought down light switches and brought down reaction work areas and payphones. The effect of the Social Policy of Britain has been affected actually significantly, and has had the option to do significant improvement non simply to the people who have disablement however to the general masses. ( Borsay, 2005 ) The nation of health dish is going a significant concern. This is because of a figure of different components, which incorporate. The expanded length of administration for individuals with larning disablements with the indication of various wellbeing concerns connected to age. The continuance of children with different disablements into adults with complex requests. The affirmation of specific conditions connected to explicit disablements, for example, Alzheimer s and Down s disorder. The headway of deinstitutionalisation is about finished and the remaining large organizations/clinics are shuting and the improvements of administrations in the network are confronted with difficulties. ( Swain et al, 2003 ) A portion of these components were aforesaid distinguished inside the papers â€Å"Signpost for Success† DoH ( 1998 ) and are again referenced somewhat in â€Å"Valuing People† DoH ( 2001 ) . Other than inside the White Paper â€Å"Valuing People† is the affirmation that individuals with larning disablements holding higher health requests than everybody ( DoH 2001 p6 ) . These wellbeing requests are as a result of expanded rate of epilepsy ; scholarly loss of motion pervasiveness for both of these conditions is believed to be multiple times higher than everybody ( Drake,2002 ) , visual employments, hearing difficulties and expanded alveolar consonant requests. It is perceived that people with obtaining disablements are once in a while denied of the best rule of health consideration administration expected by individuals who do non hold larning disablements ( Drake, 2002 ) . Truth be told in spite of their higher wellbeing requests individuals with larning disablements course essential health consideration not exactly everybody ( Shakespeare, 2003 ) . It is imperative that this disparity of consideration be tended to and except if this is finished with the help of the specializer administrations, and network larning disablement medical caretakers in impossible to miss, the wellbeing related requests of individuals with larning disablements will proceed to be disregarded ( Oliver et al,1996 ) . Talk about WHY IT IS NECESSARY TO PROMOTE AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE Self-rule alludes to the acknowledgment that a patient is a man who is other than permitted to be given essential rights like the privilege to data, the option to have consideration and intercession and the privilege to classification ( Dalley, 1991 ) . At the point when a patient sees plainly the impacts of following or declining his intercession which is known as the standard of educated assent, ought to be the main idea in the considerations mind while proposing any signifier of mediation ( Dalley, 1991 ) . The cardinal issue is that of equilibrating the individual s freedom and common self-governance with the interest to secure both the individual and the people from apparent peril. In add-on, how far ought to larn disablement go in keeping a guide of cultural control? Lover ( 2003 ) accepts that when a medical attendant does non concede their capacity as an operator of cultural control, that fuel the people s misguided judgments that condition larning disablement. The word ‘care is each piece misleading its use of thinking about ; ( ensure particle/management ) and thinking about ; ( stress or show concern ) . From the situation of individuals with disablements, secured or administered can sound disparaging and sabotaging. The interest for administrative consideration sabotages the masses capacity to consider individuals to be harm as free individuals. To the vast majority the term ‘care high spots a reliance as do a large portion of the foundations set up to back up the requests of individuals with disablements. ( Borsay,2005 ) Clinical administrations altogether can't approve a person with a disablement to populate autonomously in the network. The stipulation of the correct hardware and comfortss would approve the person to apply more command over their life. This can simply be accomplished by the person with the harm make up ones disapproving on the level of consideration that is given and the hardware required to them to achieve self image satisfaction. The Care Standards Act 2000 gives independency yet non self-governance and again confined by monetary limitations. We regularly observe gathering pledges methodologies to fund-raise to purchase wheelchairs for kids with numerous induration and spasticity as the specializer hardware gives them the opportunity of portability with out high reliance. This hardware is non accessible through the open help framework ; all things considered we do pay ?3,800+ per hebdomad for individuals to go to tranquilize recovery units to help them recoup control of their live s. Lover and Cameron characterize freedom as the capacity to do realizing affinities sing consideration program and execution, ( Swain et al, 2003 ) . Portray THE RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND POLICY People groups with disablements face preference from an imperfection or escape clause in the rule law that is set up to shield them from bias ; by permitting the privileges of proprietors and worries to do simply ‘reasonable lodging to embrace disenabling obstructions. Because of the place that is known for fundss, conservation and reasonableness, crippled individuals are non rewarded sensibly because of hindrance ( Disability Discrimination Act, 1995 ) . These obstructions can be reflecting in the measurements distributed by the Disability Rights Commission in 2005, proposing just 50% of incapacitated adults at working age are in business, contrasted and four out of five non-crippled individuals in business. The DDA 1995 was acquainted with prevent individuals with disablements from being segregated on their privileges to business, housing and course to establishments or administrations. The specifies housing required by businesses yet only for managers who utilize 15 individu als or more and reasonable facilities made by housing relationship to flexibly dish to housing. The word sensible can be comprehended or clarified in arranged manners which carries on with a loosened way to some private proprietors whom can know separated on the confirmations that they can stand to do the lodging required. Structures of the buildings do non require to be changed and a substitute dish can be made. This is as of now taking care of incapacitated individuals in any case on confirmations of harm and seting a fiscal worth ticket on their uniformity and sabotaging individuals with harms. ( Barnes, 2002 ) Examine HOW FAR THE LEGISLATION/POLICY OUTLINED CONTRIBUTES TO THE INDIVIDUAL S AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE. Just in 1995 it got unlawful in Britain to know separated against incapacitated individuals ‘in association with work, the commissariats of merchandise, establishments and administrations and guidance . The ‘weak and innocuous statute of 1995, was revised after the Particular Educational Needs and Disability Act was executed in 2001, which made it ill-advised for guidance providers to know separated against debilitated understudies, students and adult researchers. The disablement Rights board of trustees in add-on to other disablement departments are squeezing the specialists to hold fast to new projects to go to the low anticipated that organizations and frameworks should have the option to gracefully premium, administration for every specific interest individuals. ( Oliver, 1996 ) Before the Disability Discrimination Act, incapacitated individuals could legitimately be rejected work by managers. The crippled individuals will irrationally match to occupations of lower position and lower wage occupations, as an outcome of hapless establishment tutoring and the inadequacy of chances that was made accessible for the incapacitated, as referenced prior. The stigmatism happened when the debilitated were considered as ‘unemployable and the individuals who were in work were straightforwardly oppressed, because of the mass supposition. Managers had a generalized attitude to the capacity and level of productiveness of impaired individuals. The approval of the debilitated individuals is a nation of reference. The ascent of the disablement movement has been founded on approval of themselves, as it has been essentially driven by the incapacitated themselves. This energizes the

Human Atrocities Essay Example for Free

Human Atrocities Essay In the period of psychological oppression and atomic wars, probably the best test that the human network is confronting right presently is to check human rights infringement that is happening in practically all pieces of the world. Indeed, even the residents of the most law based of countries are not saved from a specific level of human rights infringement or barbarities. This is a reality that all residents of the world must face and fearlessly address. In any case, the greater inquiry is this: who is capable to check human abominations? All the more explicitly, what can the global and nearby network do to mediate in such barbarities? To address these inquiries, I accept we should initially show up at a meaning of human rights infringement or abominations. As per Wikipedia, human rights alludes to the all inclusive privileges of every person paying little mind to race, shading, nationality, religion sex and culture. From the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is fundamentally founded on inborn human nobility. Simultaneously, human monstrosities are infringement of rights characteristic to a person. Regularly, it is a term utilized when an administration damages national or universal law identified with the security of human rights. (Wikipedia, 2007) I am of the sentiment that the universal network has an inalienable duty to face any type of human rights misuse. Worldwide courts, for example, the International Criminal Court and universal associations, for example, the United Nations must be careful in ensuring the privileges of every person. They should be the first to defend the enthusiasm of every individual against any wrongdoing that might be done against them by either the military in their particular government or their administration as such. For example, the International Criminal Court is intended to bring into impact those authoritative standards of global law which defend such basic qualities as human poise, the regard forever and appendage of guiltless people, and the assurance of ethnic, strict or racial gatherings. (Cassesse, 2007) also, the International Criminal Court must bring to equity any state which abuses the nobility of its residents. Doing so will maintain the most significant universal qualities, including the regard for human rights. In addition, making these strides will maintain and vindicate network rights. Global non-legislative associations, for example, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch means that what the universal network can do so as to help control the ascent of human abominations in any nation. They have the assets to tell the universal network of any bad behaviors being done in specific zones of the world. They can activate other nearby associations to face these outrages by assembling general sentiment. For example, Amnesty International has worked and is further applying its endeavors for the insurance of those kept due to their peaceful assessments and is looking for that Articles 18 and 19 of the UDHR be perceived all around. Then again, Human Rights Watch restricts fundamental human rights infringement like capital punishment and sex separation. It is a backer of opportunity identifying with major human rights like opportunity of religion and the press. Another noteworthy player in the offer to check human barbarities is the nearby network. One can't overemphasize on the intensity of local people to mediate in such issues. Setting up universal associations won't tackle the issues that are rotting a nation. Recuperating must originate from inside. The neighborhood network should consistently be keeping watch for any outrages being done and should fearlessly report this to the specialists. As noted in the site of the Crimes of War Project, every universal organization will require the help and participation of different establishments and, most essentially, of States themselves and nearby networks so far as that is concerned. For instance, neighborhood network can be a wellspring of indispensable data identified with the examples and components of the issues in the network that can help illuminate a global emergency. (Cassesse, 2007) I likewise accept that the intensity of media can be best used in tending to the real factors of human rights infringement. Since the media can adequately catch the consideration of numerous individuals, the nearby and universal media should make it their duty to report any updates on bad behaviors or shamefulness. (Cassesse, 2007) This will likewise help in making every network â€whether neighborhood or internationalâ€to be progressively careful in such cases. It must be comprehended that the measures to be taken by the universal network will have no huge bearing without the help of the nearby network. No measure of mediation will be successful if the nearby network won't render its help. As confirmed by Antonio Cassesse in an article entitled â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice†, the best reaction to barbarities lies in a judicious and very much idea out mix of different methodologies both nearby and global. (Cassesse, 2007) He composes, â€Å"international criminal law is a part of law that, more than some other, is about human habit, human underhandedness, and human forcefulness. It manages the darkest side of our tendency. It additionally manages the manner in which social orders arrange themselves to stem savagery and violence however much as could reasonably be expected. Plainly, given the extent of the undertaking, no single reaction may do the trick. Rather, a wide cluster of reactions, each custom fitted to explicit conditions, is required successfully to battle worldwide guiltiness. † (Cassesse, 2007) Hence, intercession of human monstrosities is both a nearby and global duty â€one that must be paid attention to and tirelessly by all social orders on the planet. Refered to Works Cassesse, Antonio. crimesofwar. organization. â€Å"A Big Step Forward for International Justice. † 7 March 2007. http://www. crimesofwar. organization/icc_magazine/icc-cassese. html Wikipedia. â€Å"Human Rights. † 7 March 2007. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Human_rights#Violations_of_human_rights

How To Use Indefinite Articles Un and Una in Spanish

Step by step instructions to Use Indefinite Articles Un and Una in Spanish On the off chance that you tune in to oldies music, you may review one of the sentences of a well known Spanish-language move tune: Yo no soy marinero, soy capitn, soy capitn. Deciphered, that would be, I am not a sailor, I am a chief, I am a commander. That sentence shows one of the contrasts among Spanish and English. Albeit English requires the word a preceding sailor and skipper, Spanish doesnt require a comparable word, which for this situation would be un. Un and Una Classified as Indefinite Articles An and an are referred to grammarians as inconclusive articles, and the Spanish reciprocals are un (utilized before manly things and thing phrases) and una (female). Utilizing the Spanish inconclusive articles when they arent required is one of the traps for some starting Spanish understudies. State no soy un marinero, soy un capitn, and it would sound as unbalanced (and inappropriate) as one potential interpretation into English: I am not one sailor, I am one commander. As a rule, at whatever point you use un or una in Spanish, you have to utilize an or a to state the equal in English. Be that as it may, the converse isnt valid. The appearance is that Spanish regularly discards the inconclusive articles. Excluding Articles With Ser Dont utilize the uncertain article before an unmodified thing after a type of ser (to be), particularly concerning occupation, religion, connection, or economic wellbeing. Regularly, if the thing is adjusted, the article ought to be utilized: Soy profesor. (I am a teacher.)ã‰l es un buen dentista. (He is a decent dental specialist. Here, dentista is changed by buen.) ¿Eres catã ³lica? - No, soy una metodista feliz. (Is it accurate to say that you are a Catholic? No, Im a cheerful Methodist. Metodista is altered by feliz, however the unmodified catã ³lica stands alone.)Es artista. (She is an artist.)Es una artista que muere de hambre. (She is a destitute craftsman.) Overlooking Articles With Otro A typical mix-up made by English speakers is to utilize un otro or una otra for another. Otro/otra remains without anyone else. Quisiera otra taza. (I might want another cup.)Comprà ³ otro coche. (She purchased another car.)Quiero viajar an otra ciudad chilena. (I need to visit another Chilean city.) Overlooking Articles With Certain Large Numbers The numbers mil (1,000) and cien (100) needn't bother with the article. Mil and cien as of now allude to one thousand and one hundred, individually. Gana mil dã ³lares por mes. (He acquires a thousand dollars for every month.)Tiene cien aã ±os. (She is a hundred years old.)Hay mil maneras de cambiar el mundo. (There are a thousand different ways to change the world.) Overlooking Articles In Exclamations Using Que In shouts, for example,  ¡Quà © sorpresa! (What an amazement!), theres no compelling reason to put anything between the que and the accompanying thing.  ¡Quà © lstima! (What a shame!) ¡Quà © casa! (What a house!) ¡Quà © diferencia hace un dã ­a! (What a distinction daily makes!) Precluding Articles With Some Prepositions After transgression (without), the article is typically discarded except if the speaker is underscoring the express absence of something: Escribe sin ordenador. (He composes without a computer.)La ciudad tendr un mximo de 30 grados sin posibilidad de lluvia. (The city will have a high of 30 degrees without a chance of rain.)La cantante compartiã ³ fotos sin una gota de maquillaje. (The artist shared photographs of herself without a solitary dash of cosmetics. It would be syntactically right to forget about the una, however its incorporation puts accentuation on the articulate absence of cosmetics.) The article is typically excluded after con (with) when con has a significance like English words or expressions, for example, wearing or outfitted with. At the point when con can be interpreted as utilizing, the article is regularly overlooked if the item is being utilized in a common manner. El bebã © come con cuchara. (The child eats with a spoon. This is the standard use for a spoon, while the utilization in the following sentence isnt.)El preso se escapã ³ de la crcel con una cuchara. (The detainee got away from the prison with a spoon.)Vestir con zapato plano y obtener un resultado de 10 es posible. (Dressing with level shoes and getting a 10 is conceivable. Balance this sentence with the accompanying model, where the shoe isnt being worn.)Sà © como abrir una botella con una zapato. (I realize how to open a container with a shoe.) Overlooking Articles After Certain Verbs The article is much of the time precluded after types of tener (to have), comprar (to purchase), llevar (to wear), and some different action words when conventionally alluding to things that individuals would ordinarily have or utilize each in turn. No tengo coche. (I dont have a car.)Lleva camisa. (He is wearing a shirt.)Vamos a comprar casa. (Were going to purchase a house.) ¿Tiene madre? (Does he have a mother?) Counting the Indefinite Article When English Doesn’t At last, there is one situation where we dont utilize the inconclusive article in English where its required in Spanish. In a progression of at least two words joined by and, we frequently forget about the an or a, yet when utilizing y in Spanish the un or una is utilized to evade vagueness. In English we may state a feline and pooch, for instance, however in Spanish it must be un gato y un perro. Without the subsequent un, the expression would be comprehended as alluding to one animal, a combination of a feline and canine. Note the differentiation in these sentences: Conozco an un artista y un dentista. (I know a craftsman and I know a dentist.)Conozco an un artista y dentista. (I know a dental specialist who is additionally a craftsman.) Key Takeaways In spite of the fact that un and una are what could be compared to one, they are regularly better interpreted as an or an.Most of the time that Spanish uses un or una before a thing, the relating English sentence can be deciphered utilizing an or an.The inverse, in any case, isn't in every case valid, as there are commonly that an or an is left untranslated in Spanish.

How it Relates to Greek Religion and Culture Essay

Old Greeks had confidence in a progression of legends, which clarified nature, set the ethical code for the Greek individuals, and some were simply engaging stories. These legends diverted the Greek world from a universe of dread into a universe of wondrous excellence. A significant number of these divine beings and goddesses were related with a specific undertaking or action (Buxton). The Greek individuals accepted that the divine beings were consolidated into each part of their lives. The Ancient Greeks, being a polytheistic culture, made numerous excessive legends with respect to 12 divine beings and goddesses that they accepted to lead all parts of their lives. These fantasies were an early science. They were the aftereffect of the Greeks attempting to clarify their general surroundings. The Greek individuals made their divine beings in their own picture, normally making paradise an agreeable and natural spot (Hamilton). In Greek folklore the Gods didn't make the universe, however rather, the universe made the divine beings. The folklore of the individuals of Greece starts with Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey. It is in these epic sonnets that Homer recounts to the accounts of the numerous divine beings and hero’s of Greece. We presently know who and what the Greek divine beings were, however how are they applicable to the Greek Religion? Know that the Greeks didn't have a word for religion. Likewise they didn't have any composed content or sacred text. At the point when we talk about Greek religion we mean their ceremonial practices and their convictions in consecrated things, creatures, and spots (Cline). We likewise should recollect that Greek folklore isn't equivalent to Greek religion, however they are firmly entwined. The main prerequisite of the Greeks for their religion was to trust in the divine beings and perform penances to them. These consecrated demonstrations, penance and celebrations, were the base of the Greek religion (Buxton). This is by all accounts a somewhat loosening up approach to carry on throughout everyday life, except not really. The Greeks ascribed anything great happening to the divine beings being content with them, likewise when something awful occurred, for instance, a seismic tremor, starvation, or the departure of a fight, it was credited to the divine beings being disappointed with the Greeks (â€Å"Ancient Greece†). The Ancient Greeks were a very strict individuals, who spent their lives attempting to satisfy the divine beings through their penance, celebrations, and steadfast faith in them. Penance was one of the most significant approaches to satisfy the divine beings; they were thought to be endowments to the divine beings. The individuals of Greece would give a penance of creatures, yet in addition bloodless penances, for example, food, grasses, grains, and incense (Christman). Every city had a sanctuary raised to their benefactor god. In Athens they had fabricated the Acropolis, with its primary sanctuary being the Parthenon, which was devoted to Athena (which whom Athens was named after). Athena was Zeus’s little girl, and it is said in the legends that she was conceived from his head. Athena is known as the Goddess of war and the safeguard of the towns. She is typically appeared in craftsmanship wearing full protective layer. Additionally connected with her is Nike the image of triumph (Hamilton). These sanctuaries were not for venerate, yet they were accepted to house the divine beings for which the sanctuary was fabricated. The main individuals who were permitted inside were the clerics and priestesses, and that was uniquely to keep it clean and deal with the god’s sculpture (â€Å"Ancient Greece†). The focal point of the sanctuary was no solitary the god or goddess however the conciliatory change. Every sanctuary had a modify outside for the admirers to put their contributions. The penances the Greeks made to their divine beings were their method of guaranteeing that they would be permitted to lead an ordinary cheerful life. The Greeks likewise participated in strict celebrations and for additional consolation of their satisfying the divine beings went to prophets. We realize that the Greek individuals partook in numerous strict celebrations, however the subtleties of these celebrations are obscure. The fundamental celebration that the Greeks participated in was the Olympic games, out of appreciation for Zeus. Zeus was the most remarkable of the considerable number of divine beings, his capacity alone was more prominent than the entirety of different divine beings joined. He was the God of the Sky, bearing his jolt, at which he would toss to earth striking anyplace he wished. His deficiencies, notwithstanding, engage the possibility that he is a man. Zeus is depicted as experiencing passionate feelings for some ladies and attempting to conceal his treachery from his significant other Hera (Hamilton). The Olympic game celebration happened each fourth summer. All through Greece a détente was declared with the goal that every single Greek resident could come and take an interest (â€Å"Greek Religion†). The exemption to this was ladies, they not exclusively couldn't take an interest, yet they couldn't watch (Buxton). The Olympic games were held at the Stadium of Olympia, and the headliner was, where the members contended in five unique occasions. This field was likewise the absolute first landmark of Greek Classical craftsmanship (Kleiner). Another piece of the Greek religion was the prophets. The most celebrated prophet was the Oracle of Delphi. The prophets were accepted to be the delegates of the divine beings. Be that as it may, no typical individual could comprehend their messages, just the ministers and priestesses could. The Greeks accepted that the divine beings talked in conundrums, on the grounds that the divine beings were more perplexing than the people, thus the couldn't answer as the people did (â€Å"Ancient Greece†). The celebrations and the prophets were a significant piece of the Greek life. The Greek divine beings even found a spot in the regular day to day existence of a Greek resident. Hestia, Zeus’s sister. She has no influence in the fantasies however was essential to the Greeks. She was the Goddess of the Hearth. Each home in Greece had a hearth devoted to her where the fire was not permitted out go out, alongside every city (Hunt). At the point when another town was established the individuals would light a light from the mother town and convey its fire to the hearth in the new town. Sound recognizable; this is the proposed start of the Olympic light. Additionally, when a kid was brought into the world the family needed to walk the infant around the hearth before it was to be acknowledged into the family (Hamilton). Additionally, as per Hunt, young men were prepared to have solid bodies, not exclusively to battle in the militaries, however to be solid rivals in the Olympic games. Young men and young ladies were educated from early ages about the divine beings and goddesses. They were instructed how to regard and please them in their day by day lives (â€Å"The Ancient Greeks†). Additionally most Greeks made a type of penance to the divine beings every day. This was to attempt to keep the divine beings cheerful and carry favorable luck to themselves. There were a wide range of ways that the individuals of Greece attempted to keep the idea of their divine beings present in their day by day lives. Religion encroached on the fighting of the city-states in various manners. The leaders often considered themselves to be strolling in the strides of their divine beings and chivalrous forerunners (Buxton). No where in the Greek city-states did they go into fight without first yielding. To do this was unfathomable. The officers of Greece typically relinquished to either Ares or Athena. Ares was the God of War, yet isn’t referenced much in the legends. He has no unmistakable credits and is hard to recognize in workmanship. Hamilton says this is likely in light of the fact that the Greeks thought of him as â€Å"hateful†. Once more, Athena is known as the Goddess of war and the safeguard of the towns. In any case, at that point on the far edge was the regarding of Aphrodite, who was the Goddess of Love and Beauty, yet in addition adored for delight and reproduction. Ladies of the towns and city-states would respect and penance to Aphrodite, to guarantee the sheltered conveyance of an infant, or to be satisfying to their future spouses (Atsma). I Greece all relationships were masterminded to keep or raise a family’s societal position, such a significant number of ladies didn't ever meet their spouses to-be until the big day. Whatever men or ladies did in their day by day exercises was pertinent to the impact of the divine beings. The Greek folklore assumed a significant job in the consistently lives of the Greek individuals, and considerably increasingly significant one in the advancement of their religion. Greek folklore was a path for the individuals of Greece to clarify the â€Å"why’s† and â€Å"how’s† of their reality. Their religion and their folklore were firmly interwoven. This was appeared through their different methods of regarding their divine beings through celebrations, penance, and utilizing the prophets. Additionally through the death of the convictions starting with one age then onto the next. The significance of the divine beings was appeared in their eminent sanctuaries too. These Myths for the Greeks changed their reality from the obscure to kind and wonderful. Works Cited â€Å"Ancient Greece. † Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008. Sept. 14, 2008. . Atsma, Aaron J. â€Å"Theoi Greek Mythology: Exploring Mythology in Classical Literature and Art. † The Theoi Project. 2008. Sept. 14, 2008. . Buxton, Richard. Old Greece. Ed. Paul Cartledge. Joined Kingdom. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Christman, Zachary and Alfred Hanssen. â€Å"Greek Religion: Religion and Death. † 2002. College of Pennsylvania Museum of Archeology and Anthropology. Sept. 14, 2008. . Cline, Austin. â€Å"Ancient Greek Mythology, Religion, Art† Sept. 14, 2008. . â€Å"Greek Religion. † Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008. Reference book Britannica Online. Sept. 21, 2008. . Hamilton, Edith. Folklore. New York. Back Bay Books, 1942. Chase, Dr. Patricia. â€Å"Roles of Men, Women, and Children. † Richmond University. Sept. 16, 2008. . Kleiner, Fred and Christian Mamiya. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages. twelfth ed. volume 1. California. Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, 2005. â€Å"The Ancient Greeks. † 2002. Sept. 16, 2008. . Wilkinson, Philip. Word reference of Mythology. New York. DK Publishing, 1998.

The Finland Phenomenon Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Finland Phenomenon - Coursework Example The administration subsidizes all the establishments, makes grants and advantages for meriting understudies, worldwide understudies are offered chances to come and study in Finnish colleges, grants are given to universal understudies and all understudies are dealt with similarly regardless of their race and ethnicity. While when we watch the instruction arrangement of the United States, we become more acquainted with that in spite of the fact that the administration supports a great deal of open establishments, it doesn't anyway subsidize schools and colleges. Financing by the legislature is given uniquely to explicit purposes, for example, look into ventures. Understudies are made to get credits on high interests and spend their lives attempting to take care of it. In spite of the fact that the administration of US makes grants however just in a predetermined number and the individuals who neglect to get a grant neglect to proceed with their investigation while in Finland, free inst ruction empowers everybody to seek after their fantasies. The Finnish and American training frameworks have some interesting understudy and educator practices and qualities. Some of them include: instructors being thoughtful and liberal to their understudies and understudies offering admiration to the educators. Likewise, one of the most significant trait of the educators was their enthusiasm for showing the understudies and making them a superior individual by getting down to the psychological degree of the understudies, helping them and directing them in the expert just as close to home lives and being to a greater extent a companion than instructors. This video gives us significant data and rules identified with the instructive frameworks of two of the most regarded and incredible countries of the world. Likewise, it guides us to build up the training frameworks of underdeveloped nations, for example, ones in Asia and Africa. It shows us how we can function in a superior manner to speak with understudies and make a superior instructive condition. One the most

Books Im Embarrassed to Read In Public

Books Im Embarrassed to Read In Public Recently, Slate published an article with the title “Yes, Adults Should Be Embarrassed To Read YA” because I sweartogod it isnt a week in the book world unless someone is spewing something out of their hatch about what people should and shouldnt be reading. I dont have a lot to say about that article, because my life is finite, so here follows my entire response on the topic There. Now that were done with that, lets roll on to more interesting topics. Namely, I got to thinking about books I own which I am embarrassed to be reading. There are a number of them, and it took me a while to work out exactly what the problem was. Its entirely irrational and pointless, but us humans are really good at both of those things, so Im afraid the embarrassment persists even though Im aware of it. I just recently finished reading David Macks Star Trek: Destiny trilogy of books. I got an omnibus of the three books at Christmastime and just finished them this past month, doling them out to myself slowly in between reading other books. I really enjoyed them, they were excellently written and fun adventures. They were the most fun Id had with a Star Trek novel in a decade or more (not because of anything with quality, just because I had wandered off and never wandered back, thats all). But an interesting thing happened every time I finished a different book and went back to one of the three Star Trek novels, and that was that my reading speed plummeted. It took me well into book two before I realized that it was because I wasnt carrying the book with me the way I might with other books. Trips to the bus stop in the afternoon to wait for my sons school bus happened with my phone, or a notebook or something. Normally, I brought novels. So why wasnt I? At first, I thought it was because it was a big, heavy omnibus, but come on. Its three novels in one volume and Ive still read thicker books without issue. Ive lugged Stephen King books around. I like big books (and I cannot lie). Eventually, I realized I was embarrassed about it because it was Star Trek. This is silly as hell. I own Star Trek t-shirts, I talk about Star Trek, I make no attempt to hide online or off that I was reading a trilogy of Star Trek novels, they are  excellent books, and I spend a goodly amount of my time here on Book Riot telling people READ WHATEVER YOU WANT AND IF SOMEONE EMBARRASSES YOU FOR IT, HIT THEM WITH WHATEVER YOU WANTED TO READ. I mean that. I will never read Twilight because I dont care, but I will never sneer at you for reading it either. I wont even think less of you in the privacy of my head. Reading matters, and being a snob about it doesnt. Never mind the cacophonous protests from the snobs to the contrary. Thinking further on the topic, I realized that of course, this was nothing new. There are other books I tend to read in the privacy of my own home and never take anywhere. When I was a teenager and it became known that I was writing, doddering and well-meaning old ladies in the area would give me writing books. Chicken Soup For the Writers Soul, The Writers Home Companion, Zen in the Art of Writing, and so forth. At worst, banal essays. At best, a terrific little book by Ray Bradbury. I would never bring them anywhere and, for literally years, I kept them in a box in my closet because I hated the idea of anyone seeing them. I was a writer, but I was a writer who wrote, not who sat around reading books about writing and fretting about the muse. I was so worried someone would think that. Im older and crankier now and care an awful lot less about what people think of me, but the irrational fears remain. I still wont take the Star Trek novels in public, and while the writerly books have migrated out of the box and onto my nonfiction shelves, I still wouldnt bring them anywhere. I also shy away from bringing Science Fiction novels anywhere when they have old, cheap, pulp-fiction kinda covers. I know its an irrational fear because if it was just a concern about how people perceived me and worrying about dignity, Id probably bring fewer terrible-looking old comics with me places, and I do that all the time. So. Irrational. Typing this article and looking at my shelves, I just realized one other category I tend to keep at home for reading, and thats anything which might look like a self-help book. I read The Power of Habit entirely at home and didnt realize it til now, because even though it wasnt self-help at all, the title feels like one. … Why am I telling you this, other than to reveal my own neurosis to the widest possible audience, like a less-scummy Woody Allen? Im telling you this because I want you to know, its okay to be neurotic about books, and its okay to be embarrassed by them sometimes, for whatever irrational or not reason you happen to be. Are you an adult and embarrassed by your fervent and ongoing love of Young Adult fiction? I wish you werent, but I wish I werent too. I understand. You can be embarrassed. Justdont let anyone else do it to you. If anyone else tries to laugh at you or embarrass you, I invite you to whack them with the book theyre sneering at you over, then gather up all your toys and go find other friends and other yards, because these assholes are no good for you. Be embarrassed on your own and work through it on your own (or dont and write an article about it) (I highly recommend this latter route). Save

Problems Pupils Have In Reading Aloud - Free Essay Example

This assignment is my guide to the final step of my dissertation. In this assignment, I will discuss in details about what I will do for my dissertation. First, I will discuss my topic and why I have chosen, it and I will indicate my research questions and sub-questions. Next, I will identify key areas I need to read about and I will summarize 11 books and articles that give useful theoretical background for my research. The topics I am interested include define reading, then the process, models, methods of teaching reading, strategies readers use and the miscue analysis in relation to reading strategies. This second section will help me build the literature review for my dissertation. Finally, I will describe my research procedure and research methods I am going to use. Section one: My topic and why I chose it My topic is about problems my pupils have in reading aloud and find ways of improving my pupilsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ reading aloud. I have chosen this topic because in my experience as a teacher I faced and taught different kinds of pupils from different levels, I have found that most of them have problems in reading, particularly reading aloud. Some of them are good in reading aloud but have many do substitute other words, have omission of words or letter-sounds while reading. This could be due to lack of sight vocabulary, lack of phonic skills, lack of strategies for reading. Some of them canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t produce a single word. I discovered that pupils were learning nothing if they could not read aloud. My pupils who cannot read aloud have general difficulty in decode any reading text successfully. I believe my research is important because reading aloud is very important for my pupils in grade 9, which is closer to the final school leaving examinations in grade 12. I hope it may able me and my colleges to find the diagnoses to help the participants and in future to help all my pupils with their reading problems . In my research I wil try to analyze and describe their miscues in reading aloud according to their levels good, average and week. That time I couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t do any thing about it because I didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have the experience to help them. After I joined the B.A course and studied EDUC 2031 TEYL, EDUC2033 Initial Literacy, EDUC2028 Language learning from these modules I realized the nature of young learners how do they learn, how do they acquire new language and how to teach reading to young learners. As I understood the older ways of teaching reading focused on letters and words and how to say them, all language books are concerning on that view only. The new researches showed a different view which rely on development of all language skills so, because reading in a second language is seen as a thinking exercise thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s not only concerned on reading words, sentences and pages only but it is on developing language as a whole. Reading is the main reason to build the personality of a person as I mentioned before and it is the main thing that teaching and learning stands on because it is a communication way between the learner and the academic culture in the schools . I would like my pupils to be able to use reading for study, for pleasure , to understand and to interact with what they learning. My pupils are in grade 9 of general education school at the age of 14 years old with different ability levels. They have been studying English for five years only using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Our World Through Englishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. They started leaning English from grade 4. In addition, they are similar in many things such as pupils environment, strengths and weakness areas they have. I decided to do research for my dissertation where I will focus on finding the difficulties my pupils face in reading aloud and helping me find ways to improve my pupils in reading aloud. Although my research will focus on reading aloud, from my experience a pupil cannot read aloud well, he can have little or no comprehension when he read silently. My research question is: How can I develop the reading aloud abilities of my grade nine pupils?. My sub-questions will be: What miscues my good pupils and weak pupils make when reading aloud? Based on my miscue analysis, what reading strategies do my good pupils and my weak pupils use when reading aloud? What reading strategies can I encourage my pupils to develop to improve their reading? In my research the subjects will be six pupils from 2 of them are good , the other 2 are average and the last 2 are weak pupils) (785 words) Section 2 Summaries of relevant literature The key areas I will need to read about for my research are: reading process models of reading Methods of teaching reading. reading strategies miscue analysis How miscue analysis can be used to identify the reading strategies that pupils use and the errors they make. In this section I discuss 11 books / articles that I want to use for my dissertation because they will help me to develop my understanding of issues related to my research. The aspects that are relevant to my study are summarized below. Urquhart and Weir(1998) Urquhart and Weir discuss three models of reading and I will state them here : Bottom up approach. They say this analyses begin with the stimulus, i.e. the text, or bits of the text. They say that in Goughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1972) model, the reader begins with letters, which are recognized by a scanner. The information thus gained is passed to decoder, which converts the string of letters into a string of systematic phonemes, then word, then sentence then text. So à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“bottom-up models are sequential in that one stage is completed before another is begunà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Top-down approaches. Since bottom-up models starts with the smallest text unit, either letters or letter features, we could expect, then, that top-down models begin with the largest unit, the whole text. According to Urquhart and Weir for top-down model of reading, readers first use their background knowledge to help them make a sense from the text. So for top-down approaches background knowledge is very important. Interactive approach. In interactive models (Urquhart and Weir refer to Rumelhart, 1977), there is no regular sequence from top to bottom or from bottom up. They quote Stanovich à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the best known proponent of interactive modelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, that in interactive models a pattern is synthesized based on information provided simultaneously from several sourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (1980:35). So in interactive approaches reader uses both small text units and background knowledge to make sense out of a text at the same time. Urquhart and Weir describes reading strategies to be a conscious response to difficulties in the text while reading action selected deliberately to achieve goals (Is this a Quotation?). Aebersold and Field (1997) Aebersold and Field also have sections on models of reading (bottom up , top down and interactive). They also focus on the readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experience in learning how to read and the ways reading fits into their lives. They give five common influential sources for information that affect reading development, particularly family, the community and the school influence. They mention that despite relatively small size, a family can foster a variety of experience that affects a childà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reading development. They say that the community influence provides readers with a set of varied life experiences that also shape their individual knowledge. Thirdly the school can bring children into contact with communities other than their own or they can be homogeneous institution that reflect shared values. This is interesting because in Oman children learn English without much support from the family or the community and school does not bring child in contact to many other c ommunities. Riley (1996) This article has a section on models of reading (bottom up , top down and interactive). The author discusses how schema theory describes the process by which readers combine their own background knowledge with the information in a text to help them comprehend that text. All readers carry different schemata (background information) and these are also often culture-specific. This is an important concept in ESL teaching, and many books have pre-reading tasks that are designed to build or activate the learners schemata. The author also highlights some of the limitations of the use of the schema-theory approach and points out the importance both of developing the learners vocabulary and of encouraging extensive reading. (This sounds as if it is copied. Beware plagiarism, Saif.) Wray and Medwell (1991) This article focuses on reading process , models of reading and approaches to teaching reading. In reading process, they mentioned that reading is a highly complicated process, and there are a number of insights and concepts that the successful reader must develop. In models of reading, they discuss bottom-up models, top-down models, and interactive models and they strongly criticize the bottom up model. They also have a section on teaching reading approaches look and say, phonic methods of teaching reading and language experience approach. I discuss these under Graton and Spratt (1998) below. Graton and Pratt (1998) This book have useful sections on methods of teaching reading (whole word , phonics , language experience ) the methods teachers can use to teach pupils how to read. Most teachers use these methods to help their student in reading , sometimes they chooses one of these methods but some teachers work on two or more because they think each method is completed by the other. The phonic method as widely used from the language teachers to teach reading and writing in the English for second language learners. It is relies on children being taught the alphabet first. Then they learn to pronounce the sounds of the letters . However it is difficult to depend only to phonics because English is not a regular spelling language. The second method is look and say or whole word method. Here pupils learn to recognize whole words or sentences rather than individual sounds. The pupils will look at a word which the teacher sound, often with a picture, and in turns will repeat the word. The problem is that it does not teach children to work out new words for themselves. The context support method can be used when the pupils are just learning to read and it is important to choose exercises or activities that really interest them. If the pupils like cars, choose an activity or exercises with pictures and simple words about cars. This will keep their interest and they will enjoy learning with the teach. Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Malley and Valdez Pierce (2001) Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Malley and Valdez Pierce give a useful part about miscue analysis (p 124-5). They say it involves listening to a student reading aloud and recording the miscues. In types of miscues, they mention repetitions, substitutions, insertions, omissions and self-corrections. They also recommend the teacher must get the student to answer reading comprehension questions. They say miscue analysis can provide information about (1) the readersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ ability to use language and the reading process (2) it can be used for assessing reading, the readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approaches to reading and reading comprehension (3) information for revising approaches to teaching reading, how it can be used by teachers effectively to improve their learners reading. This book has useful lists of reading strategies (p 121-123) and suggest how miscue analysis can be used to identify reading strategies readers are using. The authors talk about reading in the native language then reading in second language, which I am interested in. The writers said that learners who do have native language literacy skills might not know how to transfer their skills to the second language without specific strategy instruction. Carter and Nunan (Eds.) (2001) Carter and Nunan (Eds) (2001) define reading strategies as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Ways of accessing text meaning which are employed flexibly and selectively in the course of reading. In teaching, attention is paid to the manner in which the reader is able to draw effectively on existing linguistic and background knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. They list the good reading strategies that learners use to help them read in a very efficient way, to get maximum benefit from their reading with minimum effort. These include drawing inferences, predicting and using information in the text such as pictures. They also discuss miscue analysis in relation to reading strategies: As they say, miscue analysis refers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the study of the text alterations conducted by the subject while the pupil reads the text and would be very impossible without reading aloudà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Carter and Nunan (Eds) (2001) assert that for early readers miscue analysis can be used by teachers to assess the quality and quantity of learnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s errors in their processing of text. First, this is especially useful for L2 learners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“who because of their interlanguage system may show systemic syntactic and phonological departures from Standard Englishà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. In addition, they argue that miscues will be based on learnersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ current interlanguage rather than because of misunderstanding the text. Wallace (2001) p26 in Carter and Nunan (2001) Wallace discusses miscue analysis and she focuses on how miscue analysis can be used for early readers to assess the quality and the quantity of learnersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ errors. Beard (1987) Beard has a section on miscue analysis and methods of teaching reading (whole word , phonics , language experience). The author focuses on miscue analysis and gives some models of how to use miscue analysis to develop pupilsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ reading and how à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“miscue analysis can fulfill an important diagnostic function of a kind not readily offered by other more established means of reading assessment.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Cameron (2001) The author has sections on reading strategies , models of reading (bottom up , top down and interactive) , methods of teaching reading(whole word , phonics , language experience ) and discusses how miscues can help the teacher identify the reading strategies a reader is using . The author gives an example from her experience of reading with a little Malaysian girl. The author mentioned that she had introduced her to the strategies such as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“With the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"barà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, I pointed to the first letter , the sound of which she knew, and then she managed to sound out the wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“With the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ratherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ I just told her the word and did not spend any time on it , because it was not crucial to the meaning of the story and is not a particularly useful word to learn at her stageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. With the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"mealsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ I told her the word and then explained the meaning as the story progressed and the heroine moved from break fast to tea.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“When she came to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"watching TVà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ she said à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"washingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ . From this miscue I could see that she was making a good attempt at the word and had noticed the initial consonant and the final rime.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? www.mindtools.com/pages/articals/ According to www.mindtools.com/pages/articals/ miscue analysis refers to the study of text alterations made by the subject while s/he reads the text aloud. They summarise the research of Clay, Goodman and Weber (Davies 1995, p13) and they give a useful list of types of miscues. They say that the alterations often made by a reader are: Substitution (another word is pronounced instead of the printed word) Self-correction (the reader realizes his/her mistake and corrects by him/herself.) Repetition (the printed word is repeated orally) Omission (a word is missed from the text) Insertion (a word not in the text is added by the reader) Reversal (the word order gets changed or inverted) Hesitation (the reader pauses or makes a sound indicating hesitation) A long pause. The article also relates the miscues to approaches. It says that if a reader shows more hesitations, long pauses and self-correction, this shows a bottom up approach with the reader giving most attention to pronouncing the printed words. If a reader shows more miscues such as omission, insertion, reversal and substitution, this shows a more top-down approach where the reader is paying attention to the meaning of the whole text, not reading word by word. (Check this is not plagiarized. Can you give authors?) (1,910 words) How I will investigate my research question As discussed above, my research question will be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“How can I develop the reading aloud abilities of my grade nine pupils ? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ My Approach: For my approach and method, I read Blaxter, Hughes, Tight, (2000), Cohen, Manion, Morrison (2000), Nunan (1992). For my research approach, I will use an action research approach enabling me to investigate my own pupils over a period. Action research grows from the idea that a good teacher is one who reflects on what happens in the classroom à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" possibly with a view to changing it. (EDUC3079 session3). My Method For my research I will plan to use miscue analysis and interviews. The miscue analysis will provide quantitative data and the interviews will provide qualitative data. I will select a text from the course book which is not familiar to my pupils , I will let them each to read aloud this text , I will record them while reading , then I will use miscue analyses to help me analyse their mistakes. Finally I will interview each pupil, I will ask questions to to assess their comprehension of the text, to get them to tel me what strategies they used to work out the meanings of some words and to try to find out why they failed to read certain words correctly. The research Procedure My research will include an unknown reading text from the OWTE course book that the six pupils will read it in order to have effective and organized results for my research question. This text from the course book OWTE that I think will be not familiar for the pupils because I gave it to them for the first time (See the appendix). First I will use pre-reading questions to prepare each pupil for the reading. Pre-reading is a way of sampling where the students are familiar to the content that you are going to give them. It is a useful strategy for beginning with a class, especially when classes contain students with mixed abilities coming from a diversity of backgrounds. Then each pupil will read the text and I record it. Then I will note down all the miscues. Finally I will interview them to examine their understanding, to assess their comprehension of the text, to get them to tel me what strategies they used to work out the meanings of some words and to try to find out why they faile d to read certain words correctly. My Expectations: I expect some problems, and here I discuss how I will overcome them: Miscue analysis, I cannot assume that any two pupils will have the same miscues. In addition, anxiety may cause artificial results. To overcome these problems, I will choose six pupils from different levels. I will try to get them relaxed, so I will tell them about the reason for my research, and I will do the recording in a quiet place, so we are undisturbed. Pupils may feel boring from doing reading every time, so I must prepare a good situation for them to feel comfortable. The main problem I think it is the time. These kinds of studies should not used in a short period because the researcher need to try many ways to investigate his pupils and his study in order to collect a valid, reliable data. Conclusion: The EDUC 3079 helped me a lot on finding solutions for many problems that I will face in future in my life as a teacher to help my pupils to reach the successes in their life as students. I learned how to read a lot and how to use the linguistics theories to help my pupils and to learn and discover the problems. The use of miscue analysis is a very useful way to solve pupils weaknesses in reading because it is allows me to focus on the problem it self , and how to deal with each problem individually.

The Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy

This paper will focus on many great programs focus on preventing teen pregnancy. This paper will attempt to describe the research surrounding sex education, mostly abstinence education and the importance of contraceptive. The discussion surrounding sex education will focus not only on current research findings, but also on the truth of the research that has produced different and often conflicting results. Finally, this essay will discuss programs that focus on the role of boys and their importance in teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy create many social challenges, and as a result require the shared efforts of many to help provide solutions. Teen pregnancy has remained looked at as a social problem for many years in the United States and has always challenged ethical and moral sensibilities. The financial costs of teens giving birth are substantial, and there are many persuasive reasons to reduce the teen pregnancy. Attempts to reduce teen pregnancy are mainly focused on prevention and sex education. Now and day’s sex education programs focus on two main approaches, they are: abstinence and how to use protection. Abstinence teaches that abstaining from sexual activity is the only truly effective way to prevent unwanted pregnancy. But because most teenagers are not being abstinent they are being taught to always stay protected to protect them from diseases and unwanted pregnancy. The success of abstinence education has been overly taught according to many sociologists andShow MoreRelatedEffect s Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy1620 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Teen childbearing is associated with negative consequences for the adolescent parents, their children, and society,† (The Office of Adolescent Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Teenage females associated with childbearing expose themselves to many risks and negative effects that can affect their future. 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It’s never a surprise to hear someone discussing about a new girl being pregnant. Pregnancy use to be a precious gift, but this generation is turning it into a new trend that they perceive to be as socially acceptable. I was raised to receive an education first, marry the love of my life, and then have children. Some people mayRead MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the mother

The 1860s Boshin War in Japan

When  Commodore Matthew Perry  and the American black ships showed up in Edo Harbor, their appearance and subsequent opening of  Japan  set off an unpredictable chain of events in  Tokugawa Japan, chief among them a civil war that broke out fifteen years later: the Boshin War. The Boshin War lasted only two years, between 1868 and 1869, and pitted Japanese samurai and nobles against the reigning Tokugawa regime, wherein the samurai wanted to overthrow the  shogun  and return political power to the emperor. Ultimately, the militant pro-emperor samurai of Satsuma and Choshu convinced the emperor to issue a decree dissolving the House of Tokugawa, a potentially fatal blow to the former shoguns family. First Signs of the War On January 27, 1868, the shogunates army, numbering over 15,000 and primarily comprised of traditional samurai, attacked the troops of Satsuma and Choshu at the southern entrance to Kyoto, the imperial capital. Choshu and Satsuma had only 5,000 troops in the fight, but they had modern weaponry including rifles, howitzers, and even Gatling guns. When the pro-imperial troops won the two-day-long fight, several important daimyo switched their allegiance from the shogun to the emperor. On February 7, the former shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu left Osaka and withdrew to his own capital city of Edo (Tokyo). Discouraged by his flight, the shogunal forces gave up their defense of Osaka Castle, which fell to imperial forces the following day. In another blow to the shogun, foreign ministers from the western powers decided in early February to recognize the emperors government as the rightful government of Japan. However, this did not prevent samurai on the imperial side from attacking foreigners in several separate incidents as anti-foreigner sentiment was running very high. A New Empire is Born Saigo Takamori, later famed as the Last Samurai, led the emperors troops across Japan to encircle Edo in May of 1869 and the shoguns capital city surrendered unconditionally a short time later. Despite this apparently quick defeat of the shogunal forces, the commander of the shoguns navy refused to surrender eight of his ships, instead of heading north, hoping to join forces with the Aizu clans samurai and other northern domain warriors, who were still loyal to the shogunal government. The Northern Coalition was valiant but relied on traditional fighting methods and weaponry. It took the well-armed imperial troops from May to November of 1869 to finally defeat the stubborn northern resistance, but on November 6, the last Aizu samurai surrendered.   Two weeks earlier, the Meiji Period had officially begun, and the former shogunal capital at Edo was renamed Tokyo, meaning eastern capital.   Fallout and Consequences Although the Boshin War was over, the fallout from this series of events continued. Die-hards from the Northern Coalition, as well as a few French military advisers, tried to set up the separate Ezo Republic on the northern island of Hokkaido, but the short-lived republic surrendered and winked out of existence on June 27, 1869. In an interesting twist, Saigo Takamori of the very pro-Meiji Satsuma Domain later regretted his role in the Meiji Restoration. He ended up being swept into a leadership role in the doomed Satsuma Rebellion, which ended in 1877 with his death.

Venus de Milo - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 812 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Personal Opinion Venus de Milo is one of the most known pieces of art in display at the Louver museum. It was discovered in the Milo Island in Greek in 1820. However, the name given to the statue is a little confusing; Venus is a love goddess among the roman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Venus de Milo" essay for you Create order The sculpture was discovered in Greek and it would be therefore proper to give her the name Aphrodite. It is still not clear whether the sculpture is indeed a Greek love goddess. However, due to her naked body and beauty, many are left with the conclusion of Aphrodite. Moreover, the statue portrays certain elements of Hellenistic art. It also brings out certain classical ideologies; the perfect body form, the timelessness it portrays together with the calmness is all seen to be classical. Elements of Hellenistic art are portrayed through the swift flow observed at the back of the statue together with the curves in her robes that have been crafted wonderfully. Merging these two styles of art makes the resulting sculpture to be a remarkable one. It is very hard to read Venus de Milo’s face hence creating a mystery. The statue also has a beautiful female body form that creates a great symmetrical balance creating an eternal impression to anyone who catches it in a single moment ( Curtis 2010). Historical Context Also known as Aphrodite of Milos, the Venus de Milo is a statue from ancient Greece and is considered to be one of the most famous works when it comes to Greek sculptures. It is believed that the sculpture was created around 100BC. It is believed to portray the image of Aphrodite; Greek goddess of beauty and love. The sculpture is made of marble and has a height of about 6 ft. 8. Upon its discovery, part of the original plinth and an arm were lost. This statue is believed to be the work of Alexandros of Antioch. Currently, the work of art is being displayed in Paris; at the Louvre museum. It was discovered in the island of Milos, Greek hence its name. Myth Accompanying the Sculpture Most experts believe that the Venus de Milo is a representation of Aphrodite; a Greek goddess. Moreover, it is believed to depict a lot when it comes to the story about the Paris judgment. In this story, it is said that Paris, a young prince was given an apple that was golden by the discord goddess. The prince was required to give this apple as an award to the most beautiful lady during a contest. The three contestants in the contest were Hera, Aphrodite and Athena. The contest was won by Aphrodite after she bribed the prince with love considered to be from the most beautiful woman who was mortal; Helen of Sparta. She was therefore awarded the golden apple (Neff Fiume 2006). The Theme of Beauty and Mystery In the 19th century, the Venus de Milo was considered to be one of the greatest treasures when it comes to Greek art. Many art critics concurred with the fact that the piece of art was a clear representation of female aesthetics and beauty. Moreover, the statue has a remarkable blend of grace and grandeur (Gough 1995). Despite the fact that the enthusiasm and veneration given to such Greek work of art has faded in the recent years, the Venus de Milo still has a lot of mystery behind it. Despite the fact that the Venus de Milo is believed to be a representation of Aphrodite; this is due to her feminine sensual curves, she might alternatively be a representation of Amphitrite, a sea goddess who was worshipped and adored in Milo during the time of its discovery. However, according to Louvre, the statue closely resembles the Aphrodite of Capua and it might therefore be an imitation of Greek sculptures from the 4th century. Relevance of The Artwork in Today’s Audience With the ever dynamic world today, the idea of beauty especially among females keeps on evolving. With this evolution, meanings from the Venus de Milo are being reconstructed and rediscovered. Take for instance, many female activists today are using the statue to symbolize the vulnerability of women in the society and the sexual violence they suffer; the missing arms in the statue. In fact, in 2012, women took to the streets protesting against the French laws about rape, posing for photos in front of the statue topless. This was followed by calls for empowering women. Despite the fact that the statue was developed to be immortal and stationary, she acts as a representation of a woman on the move, very active and in motion (Siebers 2010). This can be observed from all the angles of the statue. In addition, the sculpture has also inspired works of various artists such as Dali, Cezanne, Jim Dine and Magritte. It depicts strong themes with regard to culture hence its popularity.

Alleviating The Laidback Behavior Of A Loafer - 761 Words

Response 1 Oluwatoyin to Hedy Alleviating the laidback behavior of a loafer in a group setting is crucial for shared responsibilities and tasks completion in the group. Also, lack of effort from a group member like Brian can be frustrating and can elicit the sucker effect among partners of a social loafer (Simms Nichols, 2014). Various social loafing studies have examined the antecedents and preventions of social loafing with variables such as the effect of personal effort, motivation, the group size and expectations (Simms Nichols, 2014). Each variable examined revealed that people who are well motivated in completing an assigned tasks are more likely to engaged in social facilitation when they are part of a group (Voyles, Durik, Bailey, 2015). Also, people tends to contribute less personal effort and accountability to group tasks, when they feel that their individual efforts have little or no impact on the outcome of a group project (Voyles, Durik, Bailey, 2015). If Brain assumes that his effort in the grou p is not essential to the team outcome, personally he assumes a lesser role and expect someone else to take action on task. Also, this diffusion of responsibility is experienced in the bystander effect where individuals have the tendency to decline rendering assistance to a person in trouble when other bystanders are present. Hence, motivating Brain by verbalizing the uniqueness of his contribution to the group can deter him from engaging in social loafing.

Talkshow on Rom Whittaker Free Essays

Romulus Whitaker was only four years old when he caught his first snake in the country estate that he shared with his mother and sister in northern New York State. It was the beginning of a fascination with reptiles and a journey to conserve nature. Although born in the United States in 1943, Rom Whitaker grew up in India where he nurtured his passion for reptiles exploring the wild as a student in a boarding school up in the mountains in south India. We will write a custom essay sample on Talkshow on Rom Whittaker or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dr. Whitaker is one of India’s leading herpetologists and conservationists. His efforts have helped to put numerous endangered wildlife on the conservation map. The world-renowned herpetologist and author is changing perceptions of reptiles through his innovative work while championing the cause for conservation of India’s rich biodiversity. (He’s 69) In an exclusive interview Romulus Whitaker shares some of his thoughts and interesting experience through the course of his work. 1. What is it about reptiles that got you fascinated about them? My love affair with reptiles began before my ‘age of reason’, in fact I was catching and keeping snakes at the tender age of 5 years at Hoosick, NY I found my first snake, a Dekay’s snake and I was hooked. I Kept a terrarium full of local snakes and when I was seven I moved to India, the land of snakes. Over the years my interest broadened to all herps. 2. Were your parents or friends influential in your decision to go into herpetology as a profession? My mother in particular was very supportive of my ‘unusual’ interest and bought me books by Pope, Ditmars etc. 3. Where is your favorite herping spot in the world? I guess my best place in Agumbe, Karnataka State, near the west coast of India, where we have one of our research stations. 4. What herp in the wild still gives you chills and sends your excitement levels through the roof? What herp is at the top of your list to find in the wild? I guess the king cobra tops the list but I get great pleasure in seeing any of the wonderful herps we have here in the wild. Well, having found a lot of species in a lot of places I guess it’s just the mere idea of finding ‘new’ species, which I’ve never seen in the wild, which excites me. 5. Aside from the conservation programs you’ve set-up, do you keep any herps as personal pets? Nope, no herp pets. We live on an 11 acre farm with Russells vipers, cobras, kraits, saw-scaled vipers, rat snakes, trinket snakes, vine snakes and so on, so there are rarely ‘dull’ moments here. 6. What’s the best avenue people can help your conservation trusts and efforts? People can donate out right of course but perhaps more of them might be interested in coming over to India on a ‘paying volunteer’ program which allows people to stay on site and do work to help keep the research and general work going, bringing their own special inputs. 7. Any advice for students looking to get into the herpetological field? Handling venomous snakes? I think the best way is to attach yourself to an existing herp program in any capacity just to get that experience and to work with people who are obviously doing it right and learning from them. 8. Do you think the increase of interest in the herp-keeping hobby has helped or hindered reptile amphibian conservation? I can’t say much about the herp keeping hobby, I know that it should be done responsibly and people should learn and know where their animals are coming from. If most of the herps on the market are from captive bred stocks fine, but taking them from the wild can be a fatal rip-off and that has hammered several species worldwide. 9. What are some of the most fascinating aspects of your job as a Reptile Expert? Every day is a fascinating experience, simply because so little is yet known about reptiles, as compared with more ‘obvious’ creatures like birds and butterflies. Perhaps most interesting of all is the fact that once you have studied and been close to reptiles long enough, you realize that they too are complex beings with individual personalities, some nice and some not so nice. Venomous snakes have their tremendous killing power yet they are timid and shy and want nothing more than to stay clear of horribly dangerous human beings. I don’t have dull moments except for when I have to go into the awful city to do some chore like renew my driver’s license! 10. In the course of your career, you must have had several close and dangerous encounters with crocs, komodo dragons and snakes. Is there any incident that stands out in your mind which left you completely speechless? It’s kind of hard to say which experiences stand out as being exciting and memorable, in my kind of life excitement is never far away. Perhaps the incident that sticks in my mind is the first time I encountered a king cobra. It was in Agumbe (where we now have a research station) and I saw the black tail of a large snake disappearing into the bushes. Thinking it was a large, harmless rat snake I did what any snake hunter would do, I leaped on it. I managed to grab the tail and in my now prone position I looked up to see the hood of a large king cobra spread over me and a pair of not so friendly eyes glaring down at me. I needed no more encouragement and quickly released the king cobra’s tail and rolled out of the way. Luckily the snake didn’t want to tangle with me any more than I wanted to tangle with it and it slid away into the forest. Phew! 11. What are the challenges you have faced to dispel some of the misconceptions people have about reptiles? The main challenge is to get people to realize that their old folk tales and beliefs about snakes are usually wrong and that the reality of snakes and other reptiles is of course much more interesting than these old tales. People have a tendency to think that wild animals are ‘out to get them’ when actually it’s just the opposite. 2. Do you think there is adequate support / assistance for conservation of reptiles today or more can be done? How? Certainly reptiles are still not too high in the popularity charts and there is always a need for understanding the misunderstood creatures that we share the planet with. More media exposure to the facts about reptiles, their usefulness to us in controlling rodents and cleaning the wa terways (in the case of crocs) and controlling harmful insects in the case of lizards, will certainly help their plight. 13. What do you hope people will take away from your work and films on reptiles? Is there anything you would like to do in the future? Well, I know people are not going to start hugging reptiles overnight, but I do feel we are making headway by writing, making films and bringing people to the Madras Crocodile Bank and teaching them about the wonders of the reptile world. What will I do in future? Probably just what I’m doing right now. One project is to promote research on snake venoms and the perfection of the anti-venom serum against snakebite in India. All good fun! How to cite Talkshow on Rom Whittaker, Essay examples

Double Address in Maria Edgeworths Literature free essay sample

A paper which analyzes Lazy Lawrence and The Birthday Present by childrens writer Maria Edgeworth and examines how her books are also directed to adult readers. The paper shows that as can be demonstrated through `Lazy Lawrence` and `The Birthday Present,` Maria Edgeworths stories are carefully designed to appeal to the child reader, and teach them morals. However, a double address is also highly evident at frequent intervals, in which the adult, or more specifically the parent, is also confronted by certain ideology. The paper examines that despite this dual appeal to both child and adult, it is clear that the child is Edgeworths most significant target audience, through the constant attempt to fully involve the child in the text. The essay also explores the moral lessons of these stories. `The terms in which the stories are written are a significant factor defining children as the most important audience in the two stories. We will write a custom essay sample on Double Address in Maria Edgeworths Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In both it is apparent that the world in which the protagonists operate is that recognizable by the child. All aspects of the texts are chosen so as to enhance the childs understanding of a situation, in order to convey the more complicated moral at hand. In Lazy Lawrence when Jem works to save money it is triggered by the threat of the loss of his horse, a dearly beloved pet that could be exchanged in any childs mind with a sentimentally precious toy or animal. Understanding the significance of such a loss, the child follows eagerly the story, already in support of Jems brave, industrious spirit.`

Organizational Behavior Research In Organizational

Question: Describe about the Organizational Behavior for Research In Organizational. Answer: Use of the cultural web for analysing the organizational culture of La Trobe University: The cultural web will be used for analysing the work environment of the University La Trobe. The cultural web is identified by six different elements that help in forming the paradigm. The six elements are the stories, ritual and routines, symbols, organizational structure, control system and power structures[1]. Among these, three elements are analysed and they are as follows: Organizational Structure: The structure of the La Trobe University involves a hierarchical form of the structure of the organization. The hierarchical form of the structure involves a vertical structure where the presence of the authority is obvious[2]. In the university, there are the teachers, the management, the head teachers and the principal. The line of authority is quite formal. Control Systems: The cost of operation is highly controlled but there is a need for the university to emphasize on the quality. This will help in the university to get more students and employees. Rituals and Routines: The employees of La Trobe University they expect that they would be given a more decent working environment where they are able to work freely. This would be able to increase the productivity of the employees. The employees they also demand for a better pay structure so that they are able to sustain a better life style. Source of the resistance to change within the organization: The communication among the different departments of the La Trobe University is very poor. The message for the change from the higher authority does not flow in all the departments and so there is a demand for change. References: Cawsey T and others,Organizational Change(SAGE Publications 2012) Shani A, Pasmore W and Woodman R,Research In Organizational Change And Development(Emerald 2012) [1] Abraham B. (Rami) Shani, William A Pasmore and Richard W Woodman,Research In Organizational Change And Development(Emerald 2012). [2] T. F Cawsey and others,Organizational Change(SAGE Publications 2012).

Construction Safety Essay Example

Construction Safety Essay Construction Safety Name: Institution: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Construction Safety specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Construction Safety specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Construction Safety specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Construction Safety The science studies how man relates to his work and applies theory, principles, data and methods to design a favorable working condition. Ergonomics seeks to understand the needs of a worker in his work place by eliminating bottlenecks such as inefficient, unsafe, unhealthy, and uncomfortable work situations and basic practices. This is mainly done by taking into account the physical and psychological capabilities and the limitations of a worker. Ergonomics ensures that the employer maximizes on the capabilities rather than the limitations. Ergonomics takes into account factors such as body movement and body posture. It also considers environmental, operational and organizational aspects of the work place. All these factors play a central role in ensuring efficiency of employees at the work place. The main concern of managers at construction sites is to ensure the safety of the work environment for the workers. Construction safety considers how management of ergonomics integrates the safety management philosophy and technique in guaranteeing safety on the construction sites. Safety management philosophy outlines general necessities on how to prevent injury or loss of life and to protect a work environment from fire, explosion and procedural dangers (Sutton, 2011). Ergonomics of management should consider these issues in designing a safe work environment out of a construction site. Application of ergonomics should also consider the physical and psychological impact of the work to the employee. Construction companies should employ ergonomics to ensure that injuries that are usually because of error are non-existent at the place of work. Physical factors include the body posture and body movement while at work. In a construction site, many things have to be moved up and about a building under construction. In this process, the site worker is exposed to many dangers. Back injuries are the most frequent injuries in a construction site. These injuries usually result from applying oneself to much on the job. In any workstation, postural support is necessary for managing loads on the spinal and appendages (Proctor Vu, 2005). For example, a worker while hammering nails on to a roof may stay bent in the same position for a long time with out relieving or supporting himself. The prolonged position may cause a Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) that may negatively influence how he performs other tasks later and may involve errors. Ergonomics should explore options that would make employee mobility safer and less strenuous. Controlling human error is important to avoid any major injuries while working. The deteriorating health of employees costs money and business performance and reputation. If these issues continue to arise then one risks losing a business. A good business should promise heath and safety to achieve high value productivity. The finest working systems are centered on a well-trained staff, with appropriately designed work that is relevant to the person’s skills. The physical, organizational and mental effect on a person at the workplace can affect their well being and safety and affects their output. Consider a worker who needs to apply a huge amount of their strength in doing performing a task. Increased energy use, increases the chances of injury occurrence. People may see a challenge if the mental demands of a job is too high. If this is the case, then this can pose a health issue, but it can also affect the quality of the work produced. Similarly, if individuals have no clear-c ut idea of what their job entails, they may lack the drive to work and the job will suffer. The work of the safety manager is ensuring issues are handled to maximize the productivity of an individual at work. A company must undertake a risk assessment to determine the various issues that may negatively affect productivity. A company must assess the rates of injuries in their construction sites to determine their need of an ergonomics program. Even if there is none, it is important to employ this program for assurances that they will never arise. Several elements must be considered to guarantee that an ergonomics program is successful. To begin with, employer must commit time, employees and resources at their disposal to ensure the program succeeds. There has to be someone in charge with the ability to effect the changes made due to the program. Employees must be actively involved in identifying the problems and suggesting solutions to the problems. There also has to be a system that identifies risk factors in the site. There also has to be a system to research, acquire, and apply resolutions arrived at such as new equipment. Management also has to be trained on procedures being implemented. It will also be vital for management to guarantee that medical cover will be available for the injured workers. U ltimately, the system has to be regularly revisited to cater for new problems that may affect the work place. Ergonomic factors depend on the environment, work factors and the organizational factors. It also considers the human and personal attributes that manipulate conduct at work and can influence safety and health. Ergonomics ensures that all these factors are evaluated to determine the flaws in a system that might compromise health and safety in construction sites. In short, to apply ergonomics in a work place, there has to be a comprehensive risk assessment based on certain areas. In the workplace, errors are bound to occur. This is possible despite the level of training the workers may have. The costs arising from this error can be too much to bear. Errors are believed to be the number one cause for accidents. It should be a necessity to ensure that systems employed by the construction managers are error free. A risk assessment will therefore determine what causes the errors and now this could be solved. One of the factors that create room for error is fatigue. Strauch (2004) asserts that fatigue impairs performance. Fatigue also makes a person less aware of procedures that are supposed to be followed leading to accidents. The safety managers at constructions site have to develop a system that reduces fatigue. For example, they can make workers movements as minimal as possible by limiting their work areas. Another area to look at is the procedures put in place at the construction sites. Procedures are usually instructions that guide what a worker is supposed to do at the work place on specific tasks. If employees do not follow procedure, an error will likely occur. An error then means a possibility of an accident occurring. A risk assessment therefore determines the procedures put in place are appropriate enough to avoid error. If the guidelines are effective, then competency of the worker should be put into question and a decision should be made. Procedures need to be followed to the later. Human competence is therefore vital. For a worker to be competent, he must be trained. The safety manager has to ensure that the every employee has the necessary skill set to operate the machinery on sit. If not, the employee must be given adequate training. Competence must be associated with the responsibilities a worker has. Safety manager must always ensure that the worker remain competent in their areas of work. This will mean training of workers when needed to adapt to new industry standards. A competent worker should be able to adequately trained handle risky situations. If a site manager feels a team is not sufficiently competent, then it would be important for them to outsource services from elsewhere. Staffing means having the right people to handle a job assigned to them. These people must be in the right place and at the right time always. It is important t6o have staffing levels that will enable workers to work in an organized manner. Staffing organization ensures that people operate as directed. This reduces the frequency of accidents since everyone knows their roles. Through staffing, workers can be assigned a workload. It is important that the safety manager ensure that the staff is not over worked. Too much work may mean that the job will be hurriedly and the require quality will not be met. In the workplace, it is necessary to have effective communication patterns. The information in the site can either be written or spoken. Written signs can be put up in various locations that are considered dangerous. This will ensure that everyone on the work site is aware of the danger zones in the building. The safety manager should make sure that the relevant areas are marked appropriately. The safety manager should also consider who has to initiate communication about safety concerns. For example, the supervisor has to communicate the relevant safety measure a worker has to take everyday before work begins. Ergonomics must be introduced into the organizational culture of an organization. An organizational culture is the process of doing things in an organization. A consistent culture nurtures a productive and successful business entity (Schein, 2010). A safety manager at a site must ensure that safety measures are part of the organizational culture. Culture has a great influence on how workers perform on the job. Culture forms the basis through which and worker will gauge the acceptability of his behavior. If it is the organizations’ culture for workers uphold safety at all times then, everyone will insist on being on the safe side all the time. References Dul, J., Weerdmeester, B. A. (2008). Ergonomics for beginners: A quick reference guide. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis. In Proctor, R. W., Vu, K.-P. L. (2005). Handbook of human factors in Web design. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Strauch, B. (2004). Investigating human error: Incidents, accidents, and complex systems. Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Sutton, I. S. (2012). Offshore safety management: Implementing a SEMS program. Waltham, MA: William Andrew.